07 CO2
- CO2 stored as HCO3 to be transported to lungs
Bohr Effect
- conversion produces H+ ion that binds to globin chain to form HHb
- instead of dropping from 100 to 75% at tissue PO2 50 mmHg, drop to 50%, better unloading
- Bohr effect helps unload O2 via H ion binding to Hb
Cl Shift
- high bicarb inside cell diffuse out, in exchange for Cl
Haldane
- x: level of CO2
- y: amount CO2 bound to Hb
- purple line: normally, more PCO2 in blood = more bound to Hb
- in reality, blue line: even more bound to Hb at low O2 level
High Altitude
- small box: someone living at high altitude
Exercise
- arterial side maintain normal rate: not hypoxic or hypercapnea
Cerebral blood flow
- cerebral vasodilator
- left, O2: at normal range, O2 does not change cerebral blood flow much
- right, CO2: at normal range, powerful effect on blood flow
Breathing
- CO2 in blood stream major stimulus, not O2
- PNS chemoreceptor: only kick in under severe hypoxia, normally CNS working
- hypoxemia stimulate respiratory rate, can get low with O2 = high CO2, confusion
- in hospital on ventilation, O2 can make O2 saturation high and mask hypoventilation
- put on ventilator
- hypo ventilating, CNS symptoms
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